
Five States of Mind: The Opening of the Yogasūtra
A Pātañjalayogasūtra manuscript opens with the definition of yoga — the restraint of mental modifications — and lists the five states of mind from distracted to restrained.

This manuscript presents a Sanskrit commentary (bhāṣya) on Patañjali's Yoga Sūtras, a foundational text of classical Indian philosophy. The excerpt contains detailed analysis of key yogic concepts including the five states of mind (kṣipta, mūḍha, vikṣipta, ekāgra, niruddha), the distinction between saṃprajñāta and asaṃprajñāta samādhi, and the five mental fluctuations (vṛttis) with their subdivisions into kliṣṭa and akliṣṭa. The text demonstrates sophisticated scholastic engagement with Sāṃkhya metaphysics, particularly regarding the relationship between puruṣa (consciousness) and citta (mind-stuff), and includes numbered sūtra citations with interlinear glosses typical of traditional Indian manuscript formats.